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Imaging Solutions
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in understanding brain health by providing detailed images of the brain's structure and function. It helps in diagnosing various neurological conditions, tracking disease progression, and assessing the effects of treatments. By detecting abnormalities early, MRI can significantly contribute to better patient outcomes and enhance our understanding of brain-related disorders.
Biosight offers standard anatomical neuroimaging solutions (e.g., T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted FLAIR), with parameters harmonized across major scanner vendors (e.g., Siemens, General Electric, and Philips) in a high spatial resolution protocol of 12-15 min.
Additionally, custom solutions are available that incorporate specific assessments of cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction, iron, pH, cerebral blood volume, vascular transit time, and neurofluid (i.e., cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid) circulation. These options are available as a result of development work of Biosight staff and collaborators, and are generally not available from commercial CROs.
Volume
Slice
T1-weighted MPRAGE
Field-of-view = 180 x 256 x 150 mm
Slices = 150
Readout: 3D turbo gradient echo
TR / TE = 8.1 / 3.75 ms
Spatial resolution = 1 x 1 x 1 mm
Duration = 4 min 32 sec
Relevance: Tissue volume, registration, pathology identification, blood-brain barrier permeability (post-Gd)
T2-weighted
Field-of-view = 183 x 230 x 119 mm
Slices = 24
Readout: 2D turbo spin echo (DRIVE)
TR / TE = 3000 / 80 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.36 x 0.45 x 4 mm
Duration = 1 min 48 sec
Relevance: White matter lesions, CSF flow disturbance, subcortical infarcts
T2-weighted FLAIR (Axial)
Field-of-view = 184 x 230 x 134 mm
Slices = 27
Readout: 2D turbo inversion recovery
TR / TE = 11000 / 120 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.46 x 0.57 x 4 mm
Duration = 1 min 21 sec
Relevance: White matter lesions, infarcts
T2-weighted FLAIR (Coronal)
Field-of-view = 161 x 199 x 200 mm
Slices = 40
Readout: 2D turbo inversion recovery
TR / TE = 11000 / 120 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.46 x 0.57 x 4 mm
Duration = 1 min 21 sec
Relevance: White matter lesions, infarcts (confirmation in second plane)
Susceptibility weighted (T2*)
Field-of-view = 183 x 230 x 120 mm
Slices = 120
Readout: 3D gradient echo
TR / TE = 1000 / 80 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.5 x 0.5 x 1 mm
Duration = 2 min 30 sec
Relevance: Microbleeds, venous architecture, glymphatic flow planning
Diffusion weighted
Field-of-view = 230 x 230 x 129 mm
Slices = 26
Readout: 2D spin echo EPI (b=0 and 1000 s/mm2)
TR / TE = 2923.9 / 83.2 ms
Spatial resolution = 1.8 x 1.8 x 4 mm
Duration = 35.1 sec
Relevance: Acute infarct, encephalopathy, restricted diffusion (apparent diffusion, fractional anisotropy)
Head MR Angiography
Field-of-view = 200 x 200 x 84 mm
Slices = 120
Readout: 3D gradient echo
TR / TE = 23 / 3.45 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.39 x 0.39 x 1.4 mm
Duration = 4 min 7 sec
Relevance: Intracranial vasculopathy
Neck MR Angiography
Field-of-view = 200 x 200 x 363 mm (3 stacks)
Slices = 180
Readout: 2D gradient echo
TR / TE = 15.7 / 3.2 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.39 x 0.39 x 3 mm
Duration = 10 min 43 sec
Relevance: Cervical vasculopathy
Arterial spin labeling
Field-of-view = 240 x 240 x 119 mm
Slices = 17
Readout: 2D Gradient echo EPI (factor=33)
TR / TE = 4100 / 15.6 ms
Spatial resolution = 3.5 x 3.5 x 7 mm
Labeling = Pseudocontinuous
PLD / Label duration = 1800 / 1600 ms
Averages = 30
Duration = 4 min 26 sec
Relevance: Cerebral perfusion (ml/100g/min), choroid plexus perfusion, arterio-venous shunting
Diffusion tensor imaging
Field-of-view = 230 x 230 x 130 mm
Slices = 65
Readout: 2D spin echo EPI (32 directions; b=1000 s/mm2)
TR / TE = 3000 / 60 ms
Spatial resolution = 2 x 2 x 2 mm
Duration = 6 min
Relevance: White matter architecture, tractography (structural connectivity), glymphatic flow
Cervical lymph nodes
Field-of-view = 350 x 250 x 446 mm
Slices = 50
Readout: 2D diffusion weighted inversion recovery
TR / TE = 9341 / 68.7 ms
Spatial resolution = 0.78 x 0.56 x 5 mm
Duration = 2 min 58 sec
Relevance: Cervical lymph node count and localization
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